As migrant spouses’ education increases from high school to some college or above, the increase in their likelihood of hukou locality intermarriage is similar between Shanghai and Shenzhen. When migrant spouses’ education changes from high school to some college or above, their odds of hukou locality intermarriage increase by 159% and 110% in Shanghai and Shenzhen, respectively, and the difference between Shanghai and Shenzhen is not statistically significant (Shanghai: ? = 0.95, exp(?) = 2.59,p < 0.001;> 0.05). In contrast, as migrant spouses’ education changes from less than high school to high school, their odds of intermarriage increase significantly in Shenzhen (? = 0.02 + 1.81 = 1.83,p < 0.001)> 0.05), and the difference is highly significant (dif.: ? = 1.81,p < 0.001).
This dating is very solid inside the Shenzhen
Full, in addition to supporting proof an excellent dyadic exchange, particularly in Shenzhen, i also come across supportive research to possess business replace, just like the migrants are more likely to marry a local mate (i.elizabeth., to make hukou intermarriage) since their degree grows. The results suggest a high odds of hukou locality-training change getting non-college-experienced migrants when you look at the Shenzhen compared to Shanghai, but the same odds of hukou locality-studies exchange in these several metropolitan areas to have school-experienced migrants, and therefore aids Hypothesis step 3 your lower likelihood of hukou area-training replace inside the Shanghai, compared to Shenzhen, holds having low-college-experienced migrants but not to own college-knowledgeable migrants.
Predicated on Model 5 away from Dining table 2 and you will Figure dos , local spouses’ degree is not of the its diary-likelihood of hukou locality intermarriage, hence relationship does not differ between them towns
To date, we have experienced only intermarriage anywhere between locals and you may migrants, instead pinpointing ranging from several hukou types. Inside our sample, residents are mainly metropolitan hukou holders whereas migrants generally keep rural hukou in both towns. Especially, inside the Shanghai, regarding 85% regarding residents however, only about 20% away from migrants possess metropolitan hukou. Into the Shenzhen, all residents keep urban hukou, but no more than thirty-five% out of migrants is metropolitan hukou holders. The new logical differences regarding hukou style of anywhere between residents and you can migrants means a likelihood of hukou particular exchange within this inter-hukou-area ine if or not hukou sorts of affects the results.
Basic, i check new delivery out-of hukou form of certainly one of intermarriages regarding hukou locality. Since revealed within the Profile A1, over half of new partners in which a couple spouses differ during the hukou area form homogamy regarding hukou kind of. This might be in line with early in the day conclusions that every Chinese age hukou style of (Li & Lu, 2008; kauniita Panamanian naiset Wang & The guy, 2014). An excellent gender asymmetric trend out of hukou interong partners involving a great migrant partner and a city partner, only 11% is rural-husband-urban-partner couples whereas 86% is urban-husband-urban-partner partners. In contrast, one of couples in which the partner is actually an effective Shanghai regional resident therefore the wife are an effective migrant, 45% are urban-husband-rural-wife couples. In other words, whenever feminine having Shanghai hukou wed migrants, they tend in order to wed metropolitan migrants, while dudes which have Shanghai hukou just who wed migrant feminine often get married outlying migrants. In the Shenzhen, this gender trend is less noticable: 26% out-of migrant-husband-local-spouse people has an urban partner and you will an outlying spouse, whereas a dozen% of local-husband-migrant-partner people encompass an urban spouse and an outlying wife. These types of findings advise that inside Shanghai wedding business, each other hukou area and hukou kind of structure intermarriage activities, in Shenzhen hukou method of appears shorter important. They then supporting the conclusions from the hukou barrier are more powerful when you look at the Shanghai compared to Shenzhen.
Second, we did a sensitivity analysis by excluding couples in which two spouses differ in both hukou locality and hukou type. In this way, intermarriages that cross hukou locality do not include any couples that might also engage in status exchange in terms of hukou type. The results (available upon request) are substantively the same. Hukou locality homogamy remains more pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen (? Shenzhen*hukou homogamy =?0.42, p < 0.001).>shenzhen*(migrants: high school vs. less than high school) 1.11, p < 0.1).>